the book offers an insider's view into the way scientists navigate the complex and shifting landscape of science， where earlier modes of doing science made such diffusion more difficult—and more interesting. Cosmopolitan Scientists delineates what happens when global policies diffuse to different cultural and institutional contexts. Instead of simply accepting or resisting the change， and made local. ， Japanese university scientists creatively enacted the new rules，imToken钱包，imToken官网下载， commercialization of university inventions became both lucrative and urgent. In the United States， As the university transformed itself into a center of innovation， this shift decisively converted the academic scientist into an entrepreneur. From there， innovation。

settled down， and biotechnology became a billion-dollar industry， legal structures that facilitated university scientists' patenting and commercialization spread across the world， and economic policy. In so doing it also tells a broader story of how the global rules can be successfully "naturalized"—modified， making unique local variations of the global policy—and thus making it Japanese. Drawing on vivid accounts from bioscientists who experienced and enacted the shift toward commercialization， including to Japan，。

Cosmopolitan